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Pathology Lab

What is Pathology?

Pathology, a vital field within medical science, focuses on understanding the root causes, origins, and characteristics of diseases. It entails thorough analysis of tissues, organs, bodily fluids, and postmortem examinations to diagnose and study various ailments.

Today, pathology encompasses eight distinct disciplines, each defined by specific methodologies or disease categories. These disciplines are outlined below.

General pathology

General pathology encompasses a multifaceted and expansive domain dedicated to investigating the intricacies of cell and tissue damage, alongside the body’s responses and recuperative processes. This field delves into phenomena such as necrosis, neoplasia, wound healing, inflammation, and cellular adaptation to injury. Proficiency in these realms is pivotal for disease diagnosis. Moreover, the term “general pathology” encompasses both anatomical and clinical pathology.

Anatomical pathology

This discipline involves analyzing samples from bodily fluids, tissues, organs, and sometimes entire bodies or autopsies to study and diagnose illnesses. It encompasses examining cell appearance, anatomical structure, and chemical markers within cells.

Cytology focuses on scrutinizing bodily fluids and tissues at a cellular level to screen for and diagnose diseases, assisting in treatment decisions. Cytologists assess cell morphology, formation, and function.

Forensic pathology involves conducting autopsies to determine the cause of death. The examination begins with evaluating the external appearance for signs of trauma or asphyxiation, among other factors.

Clinical pathology

Clinical pathologists encounter challenges that require specialized knowledge, prompting them to seek advice from colleagues with specific expertise. While their role shares similarities with general pathologists, clinical pathologists do not engage in anatomical pathology.